Abstract:
Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic drug, high doses of
which cause hepatic and renal injury. In development and progression of kidney
disease research, it is necessary to have a suitable common drug to induce uremia
and renal failure of rats. It is also required to select the threshold doses for the said
drug; a therapeutic dose and toxic dose for kidney failure using standard guidelines.
An acute toxicity of acetaminophen was conducted by the limit test at a dose of
2000 mg kgG1
b.wt., on either sex rats (n = 5) and a main test was conducted by a
dose progression factor of 3.2 times as per Organization of Economic Co-Operation
and Development guidelines 425. Eighteen male albino rats (n = 18) were divided
into three groups, group I served as control, groups II and III rats were administered
175 mg and 550 mg kgG1
b.wt., acetaminophen intraperitoneally for 14 days,
respectively. Different parameters were considered to analyze renal failure. Urea,
creatinine, GOT, GPT and MDA levels were increased significantly (p<0.05) in
group III, compared to groups I and II. Antioxidant enzymes like SOD, catalase and
GSH level were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in group III rats, compared to
group I and II rats. Increase in blood uremia profile indicated that the higher dose
of acetaminophen causes uremia. Increase in the toxicity markers and lipid
peroxidation marker enzymes indicate the nephrotoxicity. Histological structures
of kidney of group III animals showed a severe disorganization of glomerulus and
dilation of renal tubules. These results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of
acetaminophen at high dose causes nephrotoxicity and renal cellular damage to
experimental rats.
