Innovative approaches in kidney disease management: advances in therapeutics and treatment strategies.

Abstract

The health system is burdened by kidney disease (KD), which has considerable economic consequences. The aging population and the rise in Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are the main contributing causes. KD is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) morbidity, early mortality, and reduced quality of life. Recent studies estimate that more than 850 million people worldwide are affected by kidney-related illnesses each year. Of these, about 3.9 million individuals are going through dialysis or kidney transplantations, neither of which provides an ultimate solution. Alternative therapeutic approaches through medications include the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers, renin inhibitors, anti-inflammatory medicines, and bioactive phytocompounds isolated from several plants. Plants contain numerous bioactive compounds that are thought to provide a variety of health benefits, including potential nephroprotective properties. In this review, recent advancements in kidney disease (KD) research will be highlighted, including newly identified causes, renal pathophysiological alterations, and current therapeutic approaches.